In seeking a coalition at sea to monitor Iran, the United States is hoping to present a united front at a time when its hawkish policy has aggravated tensions and key allies are at loggerheads.
General Joseph Dunford, the top US military officer, said the United States would take the commanding role and provide surveillance as other countries escort vessels under their own flags.
"I think probably over the next couple weeks we'll identify which nations have the political will to support that initiative and then we'll work directly with the militaries to identify the specific capabilities that'll support that," Dunford said Tuesday.
He said the coalition would operate both in the Strait of Hormuz -- the chokepoint to the Gulf through which 20 percent of the world's oil flows -- and the Bab el-Mandeb, the crucial shipping line into the Red Sea off war-battered Yemen.
The budding coalition comes as tensions soar with Iran, which shot down a US spy drone and has been blamed by Washington for a series of sabotage attacks on oil tankers.
Many observers see Iran as trying to extract a price on President Donald Trump's administration, which imposed crippling sanctions and has tried to stop all of Tehran's oil sales in hopes of weakening the clerical regime.
Trump, who exited a nuclear accord with Iran negotiated by his predecessor Barack Obama, on Wednesday vowed to keep ramping up sanctions -- but he also has indicated he does not want war, calling off a planned strike last month at the 11th hour.
In a familiar priority for Trump, he has accused other nations of not paying enough for their own ships' security -- a point stressed by Secretary of State Mike Pompeo as he visited allies Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates last month.
- Fostering Gulf unity? -
Dunford's remarks came on the day that the emir of Qatar, Sheikh Tamim bin Hamad Al-Thani, met Trump at the White House.
Qatar, which is home to some 10,000 US troops but has comparatively cordial relations with Iran, has been under a Saudi-led embargo for two years, a massive rift in the Gulf Cooperation Council of oil-rich, US-friendly Arab monarchies.
Alex Vatanka, a senior fellow at the Middle East Institute in Washington, said that the coalition initiative could serve to "end the intra-GCC conflict through the backdoor," although he said that would be a longer-term calculation.
"There are good reasons why the US wants others to do a lot more to protect the flow of energy and trade from the Persian Gulf," he said.
"Is it going to change the big-picture dynamics in the sense of the US-Iran standoff? That's where I'm more skeptical," he said.
He said Iran was trying to impose counter-pressure against the United States and "create a bit of panic in the head of President Trump" by destabilizing the oil market.
"I'm not sure that this is going to in itself deter the Iranians from being in the path they are in," he said.
- European skepticism -
Mark Esper, the acting defense secretary, said on a recent visit to NATO's headquarters that "a few" allies had privately expressed interest in the coalition.
But European leaders have been widely skeptical of Trump's policy on Iran and still support the 2015 nuclear deal.
In a potential omen for Washington, Spain in May recalled a frigate accompanying a US aircraft carrier heading to the Middle East, saying it wanted to steer clear of any potential "warlike action."
It is not the first time the United States has worked to escort oil in the Gulf. During the Iran-Iraq War, Washington protected Kuwaiti ships that were given the US flag.
The USS Vincennes, deployed for the operation, in 1988 shot down a civilian Iran Air flight, killing 290 people in an incident for which Washington has never apologized.
Iran, Russia pour scorn on US moves at UN nuclear watchdog
Vienna (AFP) July 10, 2019 - Iran and Russia on Wednesday poured scorn on America's call for Tehran to adhere to limits in a 2015 nuclear deal with world powers, at a special meeting of the UN's nuclear watchdog.
The meeting of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) was requested by the US after it was confirmed last week that Iran had exceeded the stockpile of enriched uranium permitted under the 2015 Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA).
The US Ambassador to International Organizations in Vienna Jackie Wolcott told the meeting that Iran was engaged in "nuclear extortion".
Iran has said it will disregard certain limits under the JCPOA as long as the remaining parties to the deal -- in particular the UK, France and Germany -- don't do more to mitigate the impact of crippling US sanctions re-imposed after President Donald Trump withdrew from the deal in May 2018.
"There is no way to read this as anything other than a crude and transparent attempt to extort payments from the international community," Wolcott said.
Her Iranian counterpart Kazem Gharib Abadi said it was a "sad irony that this meeting is convened with the request of the United States".
Gharib Abadi said the current impasse was the result of the Washington's "outlaw behaviour" and condemned what he called the "sadistic tendency" of the US to impose sanctions on Iran.
Russia's Ambassador to the IAEA Mikhail Ulyanov tweeted after the meeting that the US "was practically isolated on this issue".
He told the assembled diplomats it was an "oddity" that the meeting had been called by the US, "the country that declared the JCPOA to be a 'terrible deal'".
"In practice, it turns out that Washington is aware of the importance of the Plan (JCPOA)," he said.
A US administration official insisted that the Iranian and Russian position did not reflect the majority feeling among members.
The official did however confirm that the United States had discussed with the remaining three European parties to the JCPOA whether they would be prepared to call the IAEA meeting, before doing so itself.
In a joint statement to the meeting, Britain, France and Germany took a nuanced position, reflecting their continued diplomatic efforts to save the JCPOA.
They said that "our continued support (for the JCPOA) relies on Iran implementing its commitments in full".
However, the statement added: "We believe the issues at hand should be addressed by participants to the JCPOA, including through a meeting of the Joint Commission to be convened urgently".
Following the breach of the uranium stockpile limit, on Monday the IAEA also confirmed that Iran had breached the uranium enrichment limit, fixed at 3.67 percent in the JCPOA.
A diplomatic source said on Wednesday that the IAEA had confirmed Iran's assertion earlier this week that it was enriching to 4.53 percent, well below the 90 percent level experts say is needed to equip a nuclear weapon.
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Iran passes uranium enrichment cap set by endangered deal
Tehran (AFP) July 8, 2019
Iran on Monday breached a uranium enrichment cap set by a troubled 2015 nuclear deal and warned Europe against taking retaliatory measures, as France decided to send an envoy to Tehran to try to calm tensions. The move came more than a year after Washington pulled out of the landmark accord between world powers and Tehran, which says it has lost patience with perceived inaction by the remaining European partners. After Tehran's latest step, US President Donald Trump held talks with his French co ... read more
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